

The Gullah and Seminole Resistance: A Unified Struggle for Freedom Known as the Gullah Wars
The Gullah and Seminole Resistance: A Unified Struggle for Freedom The history of the "Gullah Wars"—often conflated or synonymous with the Seminole Wars—represents one of the most significant, yet historically obscured, chapters of resistance against the institution of slavery in the United States. These conflicts, spanning over 100 years, involved an alliance between freedom-seeking Africans (many with Gullah origins) and Indigenous peoples in Florida. The Connection: Ident


Pocahontas Island, VA: Black–Indigenous Roots, War Captives, and the First Escapes from Enslavement
These Indigenous captives represent the first people forced into bondage in English North America—predating the importation of Africans in


Erased and Enslaved: How the Maya and Yamasee Were Stolen, Not Lost
The narrative that the Maya civilization simply "disappeared" is a misconception that overlooks the complex history of their subjugation and exploitation during and after the Spanish conquest. In reality, many Maya individuals were enslaved and transported to regions such as Cuba, paralleling the experiences of other indigenous groups like the Yamasee people of South Carolina. This article delves into the historical evidence of these events, highlighting the forced displaceme


The Unpaid Debt: How the Cherokee and Choctaw Nations Owe Reparations to Black Freedmen
Black people enslaved by these tribes were not Africans at all, but Indigenous people — prisoners of war from rival tribes who were captured


U.S. Department of the Interior sides with Shinnecock Nation over Long Island land battle
For years, New York has been fighting the Shinnecock Nation, saying the land in Southampton where the Nation put up massive billboards isn't
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